Areflective: Areas appearing completely black, objects with no internal scattering Hyporeflective/Hyporeflectivity: Areas with scattering that appear dark or darker relative to another layer/structure Hyperreflective/Hyperreflectivity: Areas with scattering that appear bright or brighter relative to another layer/structure
Areflective fluid spaces with hyperreflective coarse granular deposits Static fluid, no flow from perfusion as seen in vessels Observed in areas of liquifactive necrosis Pus filled bulla
Areflective well defined pools for localised edema or diffuse hyporeflective areas for inflammatory edema/erythema Representative of both tissue fluid, water and other non-scattering fluids in the absence of blood Fluid pools from an intradermal saline injection
Hyperreflective upper surface getting more hyporeflective with depth Homogenous smooth texture Distinct vertical shadow cast by structure Epidermal inclusion cysts/keratinised cysts
Hyporeflective, coarse texture with areas of hyperreflectivity Parallel keratin filaments in a mesh structure, spaces between fibres limit scattering causing darker appearance Hyperreflective areas inside plaque indicate disruption to keratin organisation Hyperkeratotic layering on an invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Hyperreflective, smooth homogenous texture Diffuse/Undefined border Amorphous arrangement of keratin fibrils in a seborrheic keratosis Can appear brighter or darker depending on how compressed the keratin is
Hyperreflective, smooth mottled texture Small hyporeflective areas due to capillaries Small collagen bundles closely packed together Follicular skin papillary dermis
Hyporeflective, smooth mottled texture. Large collagen bundles loosely packed due to vessels and tissue fluid pockets. Follicular skin reticular dermis
Stratum Spinosum of glabrous skin, also main component of epidermis visible on follicular skin. Hyperreflective, coarse grain texture Scattering due to cell cytoskeleton arrangement and intracellular keratin
Hyporeflective, coarse grain texture Due to nucleus size, arrangement of cytoskeleton and lack of intracellular keratin deposits Observed in thickened DEJ and basal nests